An internal study

An internal study
Zhang Xuewei More >>

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Before the end of this year, the U.S. existing three retiring sofex 2012 space shuttles, as "Atlantis" was the first to complete the last flight. This means that the United States from the "Apollo" spacecraft pulled back into a state of no manned spacecraft temporarily active duty to trust Russia

"coalition" spaceship. Moreover, since the ultimate goal of establishing a permanent base on the lunar surface, the Constellation program has been canceled, "Orion" spacecraft doubtful situation, while support Ares I launch vehicle has almost completely abandoned, so U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) When the "second sofex 2012 wife" sofex 2012 is simply misplaced. The Apollo 1975 - Soyuz docking mission while space shuttle Columbia in 1981 its first flight six years, the United States has not made manned space missions, and this time do not know the United States, but also how long window period .
However, NASA's Constellation program sofex 2012 canceled under pressure from Congress, U.S. President Barack Obama said that in the next five years for new NASA invested $ 6 billion sofex 2012 to encourage the use of commercial rockets and at least prolong the life of the International Space Station by 2020, NASA's focus shifted since the return to the Moon. Among the achievements of this program milestones, June 4, 2010 (this is a worthwhile story load day) with company SpaceX developed indigenous "Falcon" 9 (Falcon 9) launch vehicle, the Dragon "The model of the manned spacecraft sent to orbit the Earth. Done and in years, NASA and the Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects sofex 2012 Agency of Research (DARPA) sofex 2012 to start carrying commercial orbit Services (COTS ) project.

SpaceX's first hit of all thanks to his boss Elon Musk, Elon Musk is the third-party payment instruments sofex 2012 "PayPal" (PayPal), sofex 2012 founder of online transactions. It is the third largest sofex 2012 payment tool Alipay in domestic currency, foreign is PayPal. Elon Musk sold PayPal sofex 2012 to eBay, the cash to get the money into the company SpaceX to create and launch vehicle development. In addition to the generosity of his boss, the investment risk is another source sofex 2012 of funding. sofex 2012 While the Government under contract SpaceX funding, financing and giant Boeing and Lockheed absolutely be mentioned in the same sentence, one reason for this is the so-called media SpaceX private enterprise.


However, SpaceX NASA and DARPA support behind apparently also quite impossible to succeed. Apparently helpless in all aspects of the test field SpaceX, sofex 2012 the launch site, measurement and control get everything alone, but this giant Boeing and Lockheed will not take the initiative sofex 2012 to help. NASA to support the development of private industry enterprise level, to take a generous sofex 2012 attitude. In order to avoid expensive and COTS Rocketdyne engines from other manufacturers, open part of the technology of the Apollo program, SpaceX to mission requirements and overall design development of a suitable rocket motor. "Falcon" series "Merlin" engine uses a lunar lander stage engine nozzle. For SpaceX able to carry out a trial period, NASA also allows the use of the test bench. Of course, burning a large number of aerospace grade refined kerosene (RP-1) and liquid oxygen requires SpaceX get your own, but this is not a difficult thing in the United States.

The U.S. Air Force has been with Delta 4 launch vehicle, but also very interested in the SpaceX Falcon rocket series. "Falcon" in the Kwajalein Atoll Omo Lake Island (Isla Omelek) at the launch site, the original is part of the Air Force Test Station Reagan (Reagan Test Site, RTS). This time for the launch of "Falcon 9 launch site SLC-40, the original Air Force Hércules" III and Titan IV rocket launch sofex 2012 site. The future, "Falcon 9 can also be launched in California Vandenberg Air Force Base, is used to launch a military payload to an orbit of high inclination. Should be noted that," sofex 2012 Falcon 9 first launch of a manned spacecraft equipped Rockets ship model tests in orbit Test Mix, SLC-40 sofex 2012 facilities but could carry out manned space mission. SLC-40 sofex 2012 is the final assembly sofex 2012 level and stage launchers mounted vertical program structure is very simple, even more than the "union" of rockets gantry facilities also much simpler bank facilities related to the future course definitely is additional.


The launch of the Falcon 9 rocket for a launch vehicle into two liquid phases, the first stage uses nine "Merlin" liquid oxygen kerosene engine, the second stage uses Enhanced "Merlin" engine. "Falcon 9 launcher developed as a private company has an amazing load capacity. sofex 2012 Specifically, the launch site at Cape Canaveral," Falcon sofex 2012 9 near-Earth orbit (LEO) capacity of 10,450 kg to an orbit transfer orbit (GTO) capacity 4540 kg, higher latitudes in the Kwajalein Atoll "Falcon 9 LEO capacity of 8560 kg, 4680 kg capacity GTO. Carrying capacity point of view," Falcon 9 has overcome a Long March 3 B's Chinese rocket carrying rights assets for the launch of "Shenzhou" spacecraft "Shenjian" - the "Long March 2F. The successful launch of the SpaceX company was established to" Falcon 9 from a total of less than 10 years, from which you can see completely the bedrock of the U.S. aerospace industry atrocious.
The launch of "Falcon 9 compared to before the launch of the" Falcon "1 to a large batch of both diameter is 12 feet (3.66 meters) to 5.5 feet (1.7 meters). Horizontal comparison the diameter of the base level of "Falcon 9 is actually only the Long March series 2/3/4 3.35 m slightly larger, but the capacity is clearly much stronger, which owes much to kerosene - propellant liquid oxygen compared to the inherent advantages of the "methyl asymmetric dimethyl sofex 2012 hydrazine - nitrogen oxide propellant, the" sofex 2012 Falcon "and" Falcon ", as the two-stage configuration," Falcon "9HLV (heavy-duty version) will be two half-configuration.

Falcon 9 upper stage uses a more powerful (ie, the second level), is a direct sofex 2012 derivative "Merlin" engine installed at the basic level, but the ability of two openings, the adjustment range of thrust. Although sofex 2012 the gas generator cycle kerosene - more liquid oxygen deficiencies propellant sofex 2012 exhaust velocity, but with a substantial increase in the expansion sofex 2012 ratio of the nozzle, with the impulse SpaceX

cost vacuum easier and cheaper avoiding a specific acceptable specially developed sofex 2012 advanced cryogenic upper stage (engine, ie hydroxide). In addition, the "Falcon" can use the large outer diameter fairing of 5.2 meters, sofex 2012 the diameter between the Delta IV and Atlas V Expendable Launch two vehicles progressive "(VTE), more able to provide enough acceleration in the upper stage The Falcon 9 has a load adaptability strong. sofex 2012
"Falcon 9 boosters also uses a very popular universal (CBC) concept from the 1990s through the pack of two and a core diameter of the same module," Falcon 9 Heavy and robust can reach 30 tons capacity LEO, which exceed China in the investigation of the "Long March" carrier rocket configuration with a maximum capacity of 25 tons. And "long march" a full range of three different diameters below grade, and "Falcon 9 using the CBC concept of a total of only a low level." Falcon 1, Falcon 1e and Falcon 9 and Falcon "9HLV four types of launch vehicle consisting of all the "Falcon" series, only "gray merlin" 1C (Merlin 1C) species remove the motor and the Falcon 1 Series "Kestrel" (Kestrel) and Falcon 9 series high-altitude version of the high-altitude version of the "gray merlin sofex 2012 two upper stage engine, which" merlin "Most of the pieces sofex 2012 are the same" merlin "1C. Due to the number of type of engine, which makes SpaceX can use mass production to reduce cost and quality control.